Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag (FAST), a versatile protein marker for live plant cell imaging.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

Small RNA sequencing identifies serum tDR-1:34-Gly-GCC tiRNA levels as a biomarker for survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

iScience·2026
Same author

The history and function of a circular RNA.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

2D Multimodal Image Collection for Fluorescence Prediction from Transmitted Light Microscopy.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Optimizing C14120-based LNPs for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> mRNA delivery.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2026
Same author

Scalable Production of DNA-Probe-Functionalized Heteromeric MspA Nanopores for Biosensing.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

Crosstalk between mRNA 3' end processing and transcription initiation.

Christophe K Mapendano1, Søren Lykke-Andersen, Jørgen Kjems

  • 1Centre for mRNP Biogenesis and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Building 1130, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.

Molecular Cell
|November 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

mRNA processing and transcription are linked across cycles. A mutation in the polyadenylation site reduced transcription initiation, revealing that 3' end formation sustains gene transcription by recycling factors.

More Related Videos

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer
09:38

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer

Published on: March 28, 2018

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer
09:38

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer

Published on: March 28, 2018

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transcription and mRNA maturation are interdependent processes.
  • The coupling between separate transcription cycles remains poorly understood.
  • Existing knowledge focuses on intra-cycle stimulatory connections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional coupling between separate transcription cycles.
  • To elucidate the role of 3' end formation in sustaining transcription initiation.
  • To understand how gene transcription is regulated across multiple cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved transcription profiling of single-copy integrated β-globin gene variants.
  • Analysis of gene transcription upon depletion of the PCF11 factor.
  • Investigating the localization of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII).

Main Results:

  • A polyadenylation site mutation decreased transcription initiation of the β-globin gene.
  • Depletion of PCF11 phenocopied the effect of the polyadenylation site mutation.
  • Readthrough RNAPII sequestered initiation factors (TBP, TFIIB, CDK9) at the promoter, while Ser2-phosphorylated RNAPII accumulated.
  • TBP and TFIIB were found within the gene body.

Conclusions:

  • 3' end formation is crucial for stimulating transcription initiation.
  • Coordinated recycling of transcription factors from the gene terminator to the promoter is essential for sustained transcription.
  • This study reveals a novel mechanism for inter-cycle transcriptional regulation.