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Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...

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Related Experiment Video

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Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
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[Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a diagnostic challenge].

Anne M Remes1

  • 1kliinisen lääketieteen laitos, neurologian klinikka ja OYS, klinisen tutkimuksen keskus, PL 5000, 90014 Oulun yliopisto.

Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja
|November 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a common dementia affecting those under 65, causing behavioral and language issues. Currently, no treatments modify FTLD, with therapies focusing on symptom management.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a significant cause of dementia in individuals under 65.
  • Clinical manifestations include progressive behavioral changes, personality shifts, and language impairments.
  • Current therapeutic strategies for FTLD are primarily symptomatic, lacking disease-modifying options.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
  • To discuss the clinical presentation and neuropathological classification of FTLD.
  • To review current symptomatic treatments and the genetic underpinnings of FTLD.

Summary:

  • FTLD presents with behavioral and language deficits, affecting younger populations.
  • Neuropathological classification has advanced through immunohistochemistry.

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  • Genetic factors are implicated in FTLD, though specific mutations are rare in the Finnish population.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the need for effective disease-modifying treatments for FTLD.
    • Informs clinical practice regarding symptomatic management of FTLD.
    • Contributes to understanding the genetic landscape of FTLD, particularly in specific populations.