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Related Concept Videos

Introduction and Methods of Leveling01:26

Introduction and Methods of Leveling

Leveling is a surveying procedure used to determine elevation differences between distant points. Elevation refers to the vertical distance above or below a reference datum, typically mean sea level (MSL). In the United States, elevations are often referenced to the mean sea level station at Father Point Rimouski along the St. Lawrence Seaway. To make the datum accessible, permanent markers are established throughout the region. These markers, called benchmarks, have known elevations. If the...
Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors

A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves01:20

Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves

Vertical curves are essential in roadway design because they provide smooth transitions between varying roadway grades. Designing vertical curves involves calculating intermediate elevations and identifying the curve's highest or lowest point, which is essential for optimal roadway performance.Intermediate elevations on a vertical curve are determined using the tangent offset method. This method considers the initial elevation at the start of the curve, the grades, and the curve's geometry. The...
Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment01:19

Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment

Constructing a roadway embankment over uneven terrain requires precise leveling to ensure stability and proper drainage. Surveyors use a leveling instrument and staff to calculate ground elevations and determine the required fill material at each point along the embankment alignment.The process begins by positioning a leveling instrument near a benchmark with a known elevation. A backsight reading establishes the instrument height, which serves as a reference for subsequent measurements. A...
Adjusting a Traverse01:12

Adjusting a Traverse

In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device

Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point served as...

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Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
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Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

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Finding Mount Everest and handling voids.

Tobias Storch1

  • 1Earth Observation Center, German Aerospace Center, 82234 Wessling, Germany. tobias.storch@dlr.de

Evolutionary Computation
|November 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) effectively handle partially defined functions, common in digital elevation models. Strategies for handling void elements depend on their distribution, impacting search performance.

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Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Optimization

Background:

  • Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are powerful randomized search heuristics used for complex problem-solving.
  • Digital elevation models often contain void elements (unassigned elevations), posing challenges for EAs.
  • Understanding EA behavior with partially defined functions is crucial for real-world applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and analyze simple EAs with diverse strategies for handling void elements in partially defined functions.
  • To compare the performance of different EA strategies on a real-world digital elevation dataset.
  • To theoretically investigate EA behavior on modified pseudo-Boolean functions with semirandom void distributions.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental evaluation of simple EAs on a digital elevation dataset, measuring the maximum value found within a set runtime.
  • Theoretical analysis of EA typical runtimes on partially defined pseudo-Boolean functions.
  • Comparison of EA strategies under random and adversarial models for void element distribution.

Main Results:

  • EA performance varies based on void element distribution; semirandom distribution was observed in the dataset.
  • For random models, assuming worse function values for voids is effective.
  • For adversary models, assuming better function values for voids is effective.

Conclusions:

  • EA strategies for handling void elements must adapt to their distribution patterns.
  • The study provides insights into optimizing EAs for datasets with missing data.
  • Findings inform the development of more robust search heuristics for real-world optimization problems.