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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research
07:47

Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research

Published on: December 25, 2021

Circulating tumor cells.

Daniel F Hayes1, Jeffrey B Smerage

  • 1Breast Oncology Program, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|November 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) aids cancer prognosis. Elevated CTC levels, particularly in metastatic breast, colon, and prostate cancers, correlate with poorer outcomes and treatment ineffectiveness.

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Rapid Isolation of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Patient Blood Samples
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Adaptation of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Assays for Clinical and Preclinical Research Applications
14:14

Adaptation of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Assays for Clinical and Preclinical Research Applications

Published on: February 28, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research
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Published on: December 25, 2021

Rapid Isolation of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Patient Blood Samples
07:32

Rapid Isolation of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Patient Blood Samples

Published on: June 15, 2012

Adaptation of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Assays for Clinical and Preclinical Research Applications
14:14

Adaptation of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Assays for Clinical and Preclinical Research Applications

Published on: February 28, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are crucial biomarkers in cancer diagnostics.
  • Various methods exist for CTC separation, including physical and biological characteristics.
  • Epithelial markers like cytokeratin and EpCAM are commonly targeted for CTC detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of CTC detection and monitoring in cancer patients.
  • To highlight the prognostic and therapeutic monitoring applications of CTCs.
  • To discuss current and emerging CTC detection and characterization technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on CTC detection and clinical application.
  • Utilizing immunomagnetic assay systems (e.g., CellSearch®) for CTC enumeration.
  • Employing reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (rtPCR) for gene expression analysis.

Main Results:

  • 50-70% of patients with metastatic breast, colon, and prostate cancer show elevated CTCs via CellSearch®.
  • Elevated CTC levels pre-therapy indicate a worse prognosis.
  • Persistent or rising CTC levels suggest treatment failure.

Conclusions:

  • CTC monitoring is a practical application, especially in metastatic disease.
  • CTC levels provide valuable prognostic and treatment response information.
  • Future research focuses on enhancing CTC detection sensitivity and molecular characterization.