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Venous and arterial bubbles at rest after no-decompression air dives
Marko Ljubkovic1, Zeljko Dujic, Andreas Møllerløkken
1Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
No-decompression SCUBA dives produced significant venous gas emboli (VGE). High bubble loads were linked to VGE entering systemic circulation, though no decompression sickness occurred.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Diving Medicine
- Cardiovascular Science
Background:
- Breathing compressed air during SCUBA diving increases tissue gas uptake.
- Ascent from dives can lead to supersaturation and bubble formation (venous gas emboli, VGE).
- VGE typically clear in the lungs, but systemic arterialization can occur, potentially causing decompression sickness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate VGE formation after standard no-decompression air dives.
- To determine the frequency and occurrence of VGE arterialization in systemic circulation.
Main Methods:
- Twelve male divers completed six standardized no-decompression air dives.
- Dive profiles included depths from 18 to 33 meters with varying bottom times.
- Venous gas emboli (VGE) were monitored ultrasonographically for 120 minutes post-dive.
Main Results:
- Most dives (55/69) resulted in significant bubble formation (grade 4/5).
- Arterialization of VGE was observed in 41.7% of divers and 16% of dives.
- VGE crossover to systemic circulation correlated with high bubble loads in the right heart.
Conclusions:
- Standard no-decompression air dives generate substantial VGE.
- High VGE loads increase the risk of crossover to systemic circulation.
- No acute decompression sickness was observed despite VGE arterialization.
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