Application of the see-saw method to all refracting optical systems

The optical see-saw diagram is a method that describes image correction to third-order approximation over a finite field of view in rotationally symmetric systems that employ aspheric surfaces. The aim of this paper is to describe the correction of aberrations caused by plane surfaces in all refracting optical systems in terms of the see-saw diagram. A lens correction algorithm based on the see-saw method is described to correct analytically the Seidel aberrations, primary spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and distortion, in such systems. We then apply this lens correction algorithm to the design of equivalent configurations by aspherizing different surfaces of the system, and the high-order aberrations of the equivalent configurations are evaluated by means of transverse-ray-aberration plots. Results indicate that this method gives information on what the contribution must be to the third-order aberrations that each component should provide to the system to give a better balance of high-order aberrations. Examples of the lens correction algorithm applied to lenses with six refracting surfaces and working for both finite and infinite object conjugates are given.