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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Step activity in persons with Parkinson's disease.

Matthew P Ford1, Laurie A Malone, Harrison C Walker

  • 1Dept. of Physical Therapy, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.

Journal of Physical Activity & Health
|November 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A Step Activity Monitor (SAM) effectively tracks daily activity in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Mild to moderate PD individuals can achieve activity levels comparable to healthy older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Established tools like UPDRS and PDQ-39 assess quality of life and function in Parkinson's disease (PD) but do not capture daily activity fluctuations.
  • There is a need for methods to monitor real-world, day-to-day physical activity in individuals with PD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of a Step Activity Monitor (SAM) for quantifying daily physical activity in people with PD.
  • To compare the activity levels of individuals with PD to those of healthy older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited twelve individuals with early to moderate PD (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-3) who were active at a wellness facility.
  • Collected health history, exercise habits, and assessed motor symptoms and ADL skills using UPDRS.
  • Utilized a Step Activity Monitor (SAM) to record activity for seven consecutive days.

Main Results:

  • Participants averaged 8996 steps/day and 322 minutes of daily activity, with 77% of time spent inactive.
  • On days participants visited the wellness facility, they averaged 802 more steps and 12 additional minutes of activity.
  • Pilot data suggest individuals with mild to moderate PD can achieve step activity levels similar to healthy older adults.

Conclusions:

  • A Step Activity Monitor (SAM) is a viable tool for capturing activity levels in individuals with PD.
  • Findings indicate that people with mild to moderate PD can reach step activity benchmarks comparable to their healthy aging peers.