Kinetics of jump landing in agility dogs

A recent survey reported an increased risk of injury in dogs participating in agility, a competitive canine sport involving different jumping activities. The aim of this study was to quantify the kinetic parameters during jump landing for commonly used obstacle types. It was hypothesised that with increasing obstacle height, the vertical force and vertical and accelerative horizontal impulse will increase as a result of a lengthened aerial phase, a more acute landing angle and the need to convert potential into forwards kinetic energy. Simultaneous kinetic and kinematic data were recorded from 11 competition agility dogs jumping over obstacle combinations of different height and inter-obstacle distance. Speed and landing angle of the second of the two consecutive jumps were successfully controlled by obstacle height and distance between obstacles. Statistical analysis showed differences between obstacles for peak vertical force, vertical impulse and accelerative horizontal impulse (increasing values with more acute landing angles). Extremely high peak vertical force was observed in the forelimbs (4.5 times bodyweight) when landing from a hurdle jump at high speed. Further detailed studies into the consequences for internal limb structures are warranted in order to clarify how this might be related to injury.