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Related Concept Videos

Instrumentation Amplifier01:25

Instrumentation Amplifier

An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...
Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2. The spectrum...

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A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats
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Bandwidth tunable amplifier for recording biopotential signals.

Sungkil Hwang1, Kofi Aninakwa, Sameer Sonkusale

  • 1Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a tunable amplifier for bio-potential signals, eliminating the need for external filters. This low-power, compact design is ideal for wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Electronics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Integrated Circuit Design

Background:

  • Bio-potential signal recording requires amplifiers with specific bandwidths for accurate data acquisition.
  • Traditional designs often necessitate separate band-pass filters, increasing complexity and power consumption.
  • Miniaturization and low power are critical for wearable health monitoring devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel low-noise, low-power, bandwidth-tunable amplifier for bio-potential signal recording.
  • To demonstrate bandwidth tunability without external filtering components.
  • To validate the amplifier's performance for compact, wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a depletion-mode pMOS transistor in a diode configuration as a tunable sub-pA current source.
  • Adjusted the resistivity of a MOS-Bipolar pseudo-resistor to tune the amplifier's bandwidth.
  • Employed a fully differential structure to enhance common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), and dynamic range.
  • Fabricated the amplifier using a 0.18μm CMOS process.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a midband gain of 39.8dB.
  • Demonstrated a tunable high-pass cutoff frequency adjustable from 0.1Hz to 300Hz.
  • The amplifier occupies a compact chip area of 0.14mm².
  • Successfully performed a three-electrode ECG measurement, confirming feasibility.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed amplifier offers integrated bandwidth tunability, reducing system complexity and power consumption.
  • Its low noise, low power, and compact size make it suitable for wearable bio-potential signal recording.
  • The design shows significant promise for next-generation low-power, compact wearable ECG monitoring systems.