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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
Published on: April 12, 2011
Non-invasive muscle force assessment apparatus for use in the intensive care unit
William Durfee1, Paul Iaizzo, Brett Burgstahler
1Department of Mechanical Engineering (Durfee, Burgstahler, Ponkshe), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. wkdurfee@umn.edu
Abstract:
Muscle function assessment is important for diagnosing muscular disorders, developing treatment plans, and tracking patient progress over time. The muscle force assessment system (MFAS) can provide quantitative results versus the traditional qualitative results that are obtained from manual tests. A new MFAS was developed for measuring force in the tibialis anterior muscle in response to electrical stimulation. The system is small, portable, and can be used in an ICU setting. Preliminary experiments were conducted to compare the new system to an existing force assessment system. The results demonstrated that the new system is repeatable and reliable.

