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Shear bond strength after multiple bracket bonding with or without repeated etching.

Daniel Rüger1, Winfried Harzer, Zane Krisjane

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This study measured the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets after multiple debonding cycles. Results show that levelling composite remnants maintains sufficient SBS, while repeated etching may increase enamel damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Orthodontic Engineering
  • Biomaterials Research

Background:

  • Orthodontic bracket debonding is a critical clinical procedure.
  • Understanding the impact of repeated bonding/debonding cycles on bracket adhesion is essential for clinical success.
  • Enamel integrity and bond strength are key considerations in orthodontic treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in vitro shear bond strength (SBS) of metal orthodontic brackets following multiple bonding and debonding procedures.
  • To compare the effects of repeated enamel etching versus no repeated etching on bracket SBS.
  • To assess the influence of composite remnant removal techniques on bond strength after debonding.

Main Methods:

  • 120 extracted premolars were divided into three groups for bracket bonding and debonding.
  • Group 1 underwent repeated enamel etching with each cycle; Groups 2 and 3 did not.
  • Group 2 had composite remnants fully removed, while Group 3 had remnants levelled before re-bonding.
  • Shear bond strength was measured using analysis of variance with Bonferroni adjustment.

Main Results:

  • In the repeated etching group, SBS fluctuated but remained relatively high.
  • In the group with complete remnant removal, SBS significantly decreased after the first debonding.
  • Levelling composite remnants (Group 3) maintained consistent SBS through two debonding cycles, with a significant decrease only at the third cycle.
  • Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores shifted towards lower values, indicating less composite retention on the tooth surface with subsequent debonding cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Levelling composite remnants after debonding ensures sufficient shear bond strength for orthodontic force application.
  • Repeated enamel etching during multiple bonding/debonding cycles may increase the risk of enamel tear-outs.
  • The technique for managing composite remnants significantly impacts the long-term bond strength and enamel preservation.