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Related Concept Videos

Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
05:58

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking

Published on: August 29, 2018

Contextual control over task-set retrieval.

Matthew J C Crump1, Gordon D Logan

  • 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 633 Wilson Hall, 111 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. matt.crump@vanderbilt.edu

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contextual cues unconsciously guide task performance by influencing task-set representations. This research shows that even unawareness of cue-task likelihood associations modulates cognitive control and switch costs.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

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Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Switch costs, the performance decrement when switching tasks, are modulated by contextual cues.
  • Prior research indicates location cues predictive of task switching or repetition influence switch costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how multiple contextual cues influence both cue-encoding and task-set representations.
  • To determine if unconscious awareness of cue-task likelihood associations affects cognitive control.

Main Methods:

  • An experiment using two cues per task to differentiate cue-repetition benefits from task-alternation costs.
  • Analysis of performance modulations related to cue-predictive switch proportions.

Main Results:

  • Location cues predictive of switch proportion modulate performance at the task-set representation level.
  • Contextual control over task performance persists even without conscious awareness of cue-task likelihood associations.

Conclusions:

  • Contextual information exerts rapid, unconscious control over task performance by influencing the retrieval of task-set representations.
  • This suggests a sophisticated, implicit mechanism for adaptive cognitive control.