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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect various areas...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

Mapping the visual brain: how and why.

H Bridge1

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, FMRIB Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. hb@fmrib.ox.ac.uk

Eye (London, England)
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques identify visual cortex areas in humans. This review covers functional MRI and high-resolution MRI methods for mapping visual brain regions, including applications in eye disease patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and structural MRI are established techniques for mapping human brain activity.
  • Visual cortex mapping is crucial for understanding visual processing and neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review techniques for identifying visual cortex areas using MRI.
  • To discuss applications in ophthalmology and future potential with high-field MRI.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing functional MRI (fMRI) to detect brain activity.
  • Employing very high-resolution structural MRI to delineate visual cortex boundaries.
  • Reviewing existing literature on MRI applications in visual neuroscience and ophthalmology.

More Related Videos

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
17:06

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
13:12

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
17:06

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

Main Results:

  • Established MRI techniques effectively identify distinct visual areas in the human brain.
  • These methods have been successfully applied to patient populations with ophthalmological conditions.
  • Very high field strength MRI shows promise for enhanced resolution and future applications.

Conclusions:

  • MRI techniques are vital tools for mapping the visual cortex in diverse human populations.
  • Current applications demonstrate the clinical relevance of fMRI and high-resolution MRI in ophthalmology.
  • Advancements in high-field MRI will likely expand the scope of visual neuroscience research and clinical diagnostics.