Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2026
08:06
Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water
Published on: November 8, 2018
Summary
Water absorbs 193-nm radiation at high temperatures, challenging previous assumptions. This finding suggests water
Area of Science:
- Laser-tissue interactions
- Far-ultraviolet spectroscopy
- Physical chemistry of water
Background:
- Previous studies assumed water does not absorb 193-nm radiation during ArF excimer laser ablation.
- These assumptions were based on room-temperature data, neglecting water's temperature-dependent absorption properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the temperature dependence of 193-nm water absorption under nonequilibrium conditions.
- To determine if water acts as a chromophore at 193 nm during ArF excimer laser tissue ablation.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a Q-switched Er:YAG laser as a pump source.
- Employed an ArF excimer laser as a probe source to measure absorption.
- Characterized thermal generation and relaxation of 193-nm water absorption under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
Main Results:
- Measured a significant increase in the 193-nm absorption coefficient of water.
- Observed an increase of over 5 orders of magnitude at volumetric energy densities as low as 2 kJ/cm³.
- Demonstrated strong temperature dependence of far-ultraviolet water absorption.
Conclusions:
- Water's absorption of 193-nm radiation may be a significant factor in ArF excimer laser tissue ablation.
- Revises understanding of laser-matter interactions involving water at far-ultraviolet wavelengths.
- Highlights the importance of temperature-dependent spectroscopic properties in biological applications.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:16UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions
In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
01:29UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules
UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...
01:23IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding
The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonding...
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonding...
01:16IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
01:09UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law
The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
00:48¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.