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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Numerical and experimental study of disordered multilayers for broadband x-ray reflection.

P van Loevezijn, R Schlatmann, J Verhoeven

    Applied Optics
    |November 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Disorder in periodic multilayers enhances x-ray reflectivity by broadening bands. Optimization methods were developed to control layer thickness for specific reflection structures, achieving a 42% increase in integrated reflectivity.

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    Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

    Published on: September 26, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Optics

    Background:

    • Periodic multilayers are crucial for controlling x-ray interactions.
    • Layer thickness disorder can significantly alter optical properties.
    • Understanding these effects is key for advanced optical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To numerically and experimentally investigate the impact of layer thickness disorder on x-ray reflectivity in periodic multilayers.
    • To develop and apply global optimization methods for designing multilayers with specific reflection band structures.
    • To demonstrate practical applications and experimental validation of the developed methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Ensemble calculations incorporating absorption and interfacial roughness.
    • Global optimization algorithms for multilayer design.
    • Experimental fabrication and characterization of periodic multilayers.

    Main Results:

    • Layer thickness disorder leads to band broadening and increased integrated reflectivity.
    • Optimization methods successfully generated specified reflection band structures.
    • Experimental realization achieved a 42% increase in integrated reflectivity for a specific spectral range.

    Conclusions:

    • Layer thickness disorder is a critical factor influencing x-ray reflectivity in periodic multilayers.
    • Developed optimization techniques offer precise control over multilayer optical properties.
    • Accurate layer thickness control remains a key experimental challenge for practical applications.