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Related Concept Videos

Ellipses01:30

Ellipses

An ellipse is formed when a right circular cone is intersected by an inclined plane that does not cut through its base. This intersection yields a closed, symmetric curve characterized by distinctive geometric properties. Most notably, an ellipse is defined as the collection of all points in a plane for which the combined distances to two fixed points—called the foci—remain constant.The ellipse features two principal axes: the major and the minor axes. The major axis is the longest diameter,...
Accuracy, limits, and approximation01:28

Accuracy, limits, and approximation

Accuracy, limits, and approximations are common in many fields, especially in engineering calculations. These concepts are imperative for ensuring that a given value is as close as possible to its true value.
Accuracy is defined as the closeness of the measured value to the true or actual value. In engineering mechanics, repeated measurements are taken during theoretical or experimental analyses to ensure that the result is precise and accurate.
The accuracy of any solution is based on the...
Eccentricity of an Ellipse01:27

Eccentricity of an Ellipse

An ellipse is a fundamental conic section defined by the constant sum of distances from any point on its curve to two fixed points, known as the foci. This geometric property can be physically demonstrated using a pencil, string, and two pins. By anchoring the string at both ends and maintaining it taut with a pencil, one can trace the outline of an ellipse.The shape and extent of the ellipse are determined by its eccentricity, e, defined as the ratio of the distance between the center and a...
Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry01:20

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

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Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion01:10

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
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Published on: February 17, 2019

Approximations to extinction from randomly oriented circular and elliptical cylinders.

G R Fournier, B T Evans

    Applied Optics
    |November 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Analytic approximations for extinction efficiency (Qext) in cylinders offer significant speedups over exact calculations. These new formulas are valid for a wide range of particle properties and refractive indices.

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    Published on: February 22, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Light scattering by particles
    • Atmospheric optics
    • Computational electromagnetics

    Background:

    • Accurate calculation of extinction efficiency (Qext) is crucial for understanding light interaction with particles.
    • Existing exact methods can be computationally intensive, limiting their application.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop fast and accurate analytic approximations for Qext of infinite cylinders.
    • To generalize these approximations for randomly oriented elliptical cylinders.
    • To assess the validity and limitations of the proposed approximations.

    Main Methods:

    • Anomalous diffraction theory applied to circular infinite cylinders.
    • Generalization to randomly oriented elliptical cylinders.
    • Comparison with results from exact scattering codes.

    Main Results:

    • Analytic approximations for Qext derived for oriented and randomly oriented cylinders.
    • Formulas provide Qext evaluations over 10,000 times faster than exact methods.
    • Approximations are valid for specific ranges of refractive indices, aspect ratios, and particle sizes.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed analytic approximations offer a computationally efficient alternative for Qext calculations.
    • These approximations are suitable for applications involving a broad spectrum of particle characteristics.
    • Further analysis of accuracy and limitations is provided for practical use.