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Antioxidant status of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Om P Mishra1, Aditya K Gupta, Rajniti Prasad

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. opmpedia@yahoo.co.uk

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|November 25, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses are evident in active nephrotic syndrome. Antioxidant status fully recovers only in long-term remission, indicating the importance of sustained recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Free radical production contributes to renal injury and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome pathogenesis.
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in the development of nephrotic syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in children with active nephrotic syndrome (ANS).
  • To compare these markers between patients with ANS and healthy children.
  • To assess changes in these markers during remission and long-term remission.

Main Methods:

  • Measured plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, nitrite, copper, zinc, selenium, ascorbic acid, and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
  • Compared levels in 48 children with ANS against 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.
  • Re-evaluated levels in 39 patients after remission and 10 in long-term remission.

Main Results:

  • Plasma MDA and nitrite levels were significantly elevated, while selenium levels were lower in ANS patients compared to controls.
  • Plasma copper was higher in active cases than in remission groups; selenium normalized in long-term remission.
  • Lower selenium levels were observed in first-attack nephrotic syndrome (FANS) compared to relapsing forms (IRNS, FRNS).

Conclusions:

  • Evidence of oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant defense exists during acute nephrotic syndrome.
  • Antioxidant status recovery is incomplete during initial remission and fully restored only in long-term remission.
  • Specific alterations in oxidative stress markers may differentiate disease severity or relapse patterns in nephrotic syndrome.

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