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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Synthesis of Graphene Nanofluids with Controllable Flake Size Distributions
Published on: July 17, 2019
Graphene fluoride: a stable stoichiometric graphene derivative and its chemical conversion to graphene
Radek Zbořil1, František Karlický, Athanasios B Bourlinos
1Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tr. 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic.
Abstract:
Stoichoimetric graphene fluoride monolayers are obtained in a single step by the liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite fluoride with sulfolane. Comparative quantum-mechanical calculations reveal that graphene fluoride is the most thermodynamically stable of five studied hypothetical graphene derivatives; graphane, graphene fluoride, bromide, chloride, and iodide. The graphene fluoride is transformed into graphene via graphene iodide, a spontaneously decomposing intermediate. The calculated bandgaps of graphene halides vary from zero for graphene bromide to 3.1 eV for graphene fluoride. It is possible to design the electronic properties of such two-dimensional crystals.
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