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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...

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Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
08:28

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

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Nonconvulsive status epilepticus.

Andrew K Chang1, Shlomo Shinnar

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. Achang3@yahoo.com

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|November 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) presents as altered mental status, not convulsions. Subtle status epilepticus (SSE), a type of NCSE, carries a mortality risk over 30% if untreated for over 60 minutes.

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Published on: June 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a prolonged seizure characterized by altered mental status.
  • NCSE has two main types with distinct presentations, causes, and prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the types of NCSE.
  • To highlight the varying outcomes and risks associated with each NCSE type.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation analysis of NCSE patients.
  • Classification of NCSE into absence status epilepticus (ASE), complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE), and subtle status epilepticus (SSE).

Main Results:

  • NCSE type 1 (ASE/CPSE) typically presents with confusion or abnormal behavior.
  • NCSE type 2 (SSE) occurs in comatose patients post-generalized tonic-clonic seizure, with subtle motor signs.
  • SSE lasting over 60 minutes is associated with mortality exceeding 30%.

Conclusions:

  • Differentiating NCSE types is crucial for appropriate management and prognosis.
  • SSE represents a critical neurological emergency requiring prompt recognition and intervention.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of SSE can potentially reduce associated morbidity and mortality.