Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Topographic Surveying and Contours

Topographic Surveying and Contours

Topographic surveying is critical for documenting the Earth's surface, focusing on capturing elevations, slopes, and natural and man-made features. It is essential in construction planning, water resource management, and land-use analysis. The primary outcome of such surveys is a topographic map, which uses contour lines to visually represent the shape and slope of the terrain, providing valuable insights into the landscape's characteristics.Contour lines are fundamental to understanding the...

Introduction to Plant Diversity

Introduction to Plant Diversity

From Water to Land

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

Basic Plant Anatomy: Roots, Stems, and Leaves

Basic Plant Anatomy: Roots, Stems, and Leaves

The primary organs of vascular plants are roots, stems, and leaves, but these structures can be highly variable, adapted for the specific needs and environment of different plant species.

Methods of Obtaining Topography

Methods of Obtaining Topography

Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...

Plotting of Topographic Maps

Plotting of Topographic Maps

Topographic maps represent the Earth's surface features using contour lines, which connect points of equal elevation to create a two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional terrain. Creating a topographic map requires a systematic approach.Begin by plotting a scaled grid and marking intersections corresponding to the survey's elevation data points. Assign elevation values at these intersections to build the base map. Next, determine contour levels using a consistent contour interval,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Combining multiple investigative approaches to unravel functional responses to global change in the understorey of temperate forests.

Global change biology·2024

Same author

Combining community resurvey data to advance global change research.

Bioscience·2018

Same author

Global environmental change effects on plant community composition trajectories depend upon management legacies.

Global change biology·2017

Same author

Drivers of temporal changes in temperate forest plant diversity vary across spatial scales.

Global change biology·2015

Same author

Reply to Harwood et al.: Thermophilization estimation is robust to the scale of species distribution data.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2014

Same author

Microclimate moderates plant responses to macroclimate warming.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2013

Same journal

Can habitat modification in the native range promote invasion?

Trends in ecology & evolution·2026

Same journal

The host-microbiome dimension of ecological regime shifts.

Trends in ecology & evolution·2026

Same journal

The emerging field of wild animal welfare science.

Trends in ecology & evolution·2026

Same journal

Integrating nutritional mutualists into the evolution of defense.

Trends in ecology & evolution·2026

Same journal

Formation of three great Asian plateaus, climate change, and biodiversity: (Trends Ecol. Evol. 40, 970-982; 2025).

Trends in ecology & evolution·2026

Same journal

Digital twins as a tool for ecosystem research.

Trends in ecology & evolution·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Using High Resolution Computed Tomography to Visualize the Three Dimensional Structure and Function of Plant Vasculature

Using High Resolution Computed Tomography to Visualize the Three Dimensional Structure and Function of Plant Vasculature

Published on: April 5, 2013

Exploring vegetation in the fourth dimension.

Fraser J G Mitchell¹

¹Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. fraser.mitchell@tcd.ie

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

|November 30, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pollen analysis provides long-term global vegetation data. Coupling pollen with other data reveals drivers of vegetation change and tests ecological hypotheses over time.

More Related Videos

Two-Dimensional Visualization and Quantification of Labile, Inorganic Plant Nutrients and Contaminants in Soil

Two-Dimensional Visualization and Quantification of Labile, Inorganic Plant Nutrients and Contaminants in Soil

Published on: September 1, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Using High Resolution Computed Tomography to Visualize the Three Dimensional Structure and Function of Plant Vasculature

Using High Resolution Computed Tomography to Visualize the Three Dimensional Structure and Function of Plant Vasculature

Published on: April 5, 2013

Two-Dimensional Visualization and Quantification of Labile, Inorganic Plant Nutrients and Contaminants in Soil

Two-Dimensional Visualization and Quantification of Labile, Inorganic Plant Nutrients and Contaminants in Soil

Published on: September 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Paleoecology
Vegetation Dynamics
Climate Change Research

Background:

Ecological research often studies vegetation changes across spatial scales but faces challenges in capturing long-term temporal data.
Pollen analysis is a key paleoecological tool offering global coverage over extended timescales.

Purpose of the Study:

To review how pollen data can be transformed into vegetation data, including taxa, communities, and biomes.
To explore the integration of pollen data with other proxies to investigate drivers of vegetation change.
To highlight the utility of extensive pollen databases for testing broad ecological hypotheses.

Main Methods:

Conversion of raw pollen counts into quantitative vegetation data (taxa, communities, biomes).
Integration of pollen data with macrofossil, charcoal, and genetic data.
Utilizing established techniques for deriving plant attributes and ecological indicators from pollen records.

Main Results:

Pollen analysis, when coupled with other proxies, unlocks extensive historical vegetation datasets.
This integrated approach facilitates the investigation of factors driving long-term vegetation shifts.
The combined datasets provide robust platforms for testing ecologically relevant hypotheses.

Conclusions:

Pollen data, enhanced by complementary proxies, offers a powerful lens for understanding past vegetation dynamics.
This methodology is crucial for reconstructing ecological history and predicting future vegetation responses.
The synthesis of diverse paleoecological data advances our understanding of ecological processes over evolutionary timescales.