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Microclimate moderates plant responses to macroclimate warming.

Pieter De Frenne1, Francisco Rodríguez-Sánchez, David Anthony Coomes

  • 1Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, BE-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forest canopy closure buffers climate warming effects on plant communities. Denser forests slow down the shift towards warm-adapted species, while logging may accelerate this change.

Keywords:
climate changeclimatic debtforest managementrange shiftsunderstory

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Forest Ecology

Background:

  • Global warming drives "thermophilization" in ecosystems, favoring warm-adapted species.
  • Apparent "climatic lags" in community responses to warming have been observed.
  • Forest microclimates can influence biotic responses to macroclimate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how forest microclimates, specifically canopy closure, affect thermophilization in temperate forest understories.
  • To explain apparent climatic lags by examining the role of microclimatic buffering.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1,409 vegetation plots in European and North American temperate forests.
  • Data collected over 12-67 year intervals, with plots surveyed multiple times.
  • Statistical assessment of changes in ground-layer plant communities in relation to forest canopy density.

Main Results:

  • Significant thermophilization of ground-layer plant communities was documented.
  • Warmer-adapted species increased in abundance, while cooler-adapted species declined.
  • Thermophilization was attenuated in forests with denser canopies due to shading effects.

Conclusions:

  • Forest canopy closure acts as a microclimatic buffer, moderating the impacts of macroclimate warming on forest understories.
  • Increasing tree stocks in temperate forests may be slowing down biodiversity responses to climate change.
  • Forest management practices, such as biomass harvesting, can influence canopy density and thus alter the rate of thermophilization.