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Related Concept Videos

Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
08:20

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Published on: October 2, 2018

Hyperandrogenic states in pregnancy.

N Kaňová1, M Bičíková

  • 1Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic. nkanova@endo.cz

Physiological Research
|December 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy-induced hyperandrogenism can virilize female fetuses, despite maternal and placental protections. Common causes include luteoma and hyperreactio luteinalis, with ovarian tumors being rare but serious threats.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Gynecologic Oncology

Background:

  • Hyperandrogenic states during pregnancy are typically acquired conditions.
  • Maternal and fetal protection mechanisms against hyperandrogenism include sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), placental aromatase, and progesterone.
  • Despite protective factors, significant risk of fetal virilization exists in severe maternal hyperandrogenism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and implications of hyperandrogenic states during pregnancy.
  • To highlight the risks of maternal and fetal virilization.
  • To discuss the specific conditions of pregnancy luteoma and hyperreactio luteinalis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hyperandrogenism in pregnancy.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
08:20

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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Biaxial Basal Tone and Passive Testing of the Murine Reproductive System Using a Pressure Myograph
09:59

Biaxial Basal Tone and Passive Testing of the Murine Reproductive System Using a Pressure Myograph

Published on: August 13, 2019

  • Analysis of hormonal production and virilization rates in associated conditions.
  • Discussion of protective mechanisms and risks.

    • Main Results:

    • Pregnancy luteoma causes hormonal production in 33% of cases, leading to maternal virilization in 25-35%.
    • Two-thirds of virilized mothers with luteoma transmit virilization to female fetuses.
    • Hyperreactio luteinalis, linked to high hCG (e.g., multiple gestations), causes maternal virilization in 33% of cases, with no reported fetal virilization.
    • Ovarian tumors represent the most severe, though rare, cause of gestational hyperandrogenism.

    Conclusions:

    • Pregnancy luteoma and hyperreactio luteinalis are the primary causes of acquired hyperandrogenism during gestation.
    • Maternal hyperandrogenism poses a significant risk of fetal virilization, particularly with luteomas.
    • Vigilance for ovarian tumors is crucial due to their severity, despite their rarity.