Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos
11:05

Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: July 7, 2014

[Oxidative stress in haemostasis]

Paweł Nowak1, Beata Olas, Barbara Wachowicz

  • 1Department of General Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lódź, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Lódź, Poland. pnowak@biol.uni.lodz.pl

Postepy Biochemii
|December 2, 2010
PubMed

The normal hemostatic mechanisms consist of a balance between hemorrhage and thrombosis that is achieved through the interaction of the blood vessels, blood platelets, the coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. The vascular endothelium sustains the balance between prevention and stimulation of platelet activation, thrombogenesis and fibrinolysis and between vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. Endothelial dysfunction associated with different cardiovascular diseases is related to the local formation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, mainly peroxynitrite that is produced in a rapid reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide anion. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species induce changes in the structure and function in hemostatic elements. Proteins and lipids are major initial targets in endothelial cells, blood platelets and plasma. Reaction of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species, including peroxynitrite, with cellular proteins can lead to nitration of aromatic amino acid residues, oxidation of thiol groups and conversion of some amino acid residues into carbonyl derivative. Oxidative/nitrative modifications of platelet proteins may induce changes of their signaling and haemostatic function (activation). Peroxynitrite also causes oxidation and nitration of fibrinogen--a key protein in coagulation cascade and plasminogen (the main protein of fibrinolysisprocess) changing their hemostatic functions. Oxidative/nitrative modifications of different components of haemostasis system have been observed in several cardiovascular diseases.

More Related Videos

Alternative Methods for the Detection of Superoxide Anion Generation in Platelets06:35

Alternative Methods for the Detection of Superoxide Anion Generation in Platelets

Published on: March 29, 2024

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors09:33

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...