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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
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Overview
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Allergies and anaphylaxis:...
Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock01:24

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Disorders affecting blood volume, vascular tone, or vascular function can disrupt vascular homeostasis, including conditions like hypertension, hemorrhage, and shock.
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Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

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Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

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Published on: October 14, 2014

Anaphylactic shock: no time to think.

M Whiteside1, A Fletcher

  • 1Department of Acute and Emergency Medicine, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S57AU, UK. mike.whiteside@sth.nhs.uk

The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
|December 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaphylaxis, a life-saving medical emergency, is increasing in the UK. Prompt recognition and adrenaline treatment are crucial for better outcomes, with serum tryptase aiding diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Immunology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis incidence is rising in the UK, particularly in older adults.
  • Iatrogenic causes, venom, and food are common triggers.
  • Early recognition and treatment are vital for survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing incidence and key features of anaphylaxis.
  • To emphasize the critical role of prompt management in anaphylaxis.
  • To discuss diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for anaphylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis.
  • Analysis of current UK incidence data and demographic trends.
  • Evaluation of established and adjunctive treatment protocols for anaphylaxis.

Main Results:

  • Anaphylaxis is increasingly prevalent, especially in the 60-70 age group.
  • Iatrogenic factors account for over half of cases.
  • Delayed treatment correlates with poorer outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Anaphylaxis requires immediate recognition and management, primarily with adrenaline.
  • While steroids and antihistamines are used, their acute efficacy is unproven.
  • Serum tryptase levels can aid in diagnosing uncertain cases.