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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
09:06

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

miRNAs in human cancer.

Thalia A Farazi1, Jessica I Spitzer, Pavel Morozov

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.

The Journal of Pathology
|December 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are often dysregulated in cancer. Understanding miRNA roles in tumorigenesis is key for developing new cancer therapies and biomarkers.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules regulating gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
  • miRNAs are involved in critical cellular processes including inflammation, cell cycle, and apoptosis, which are frequently altered in tumorigenesis.
  • Dysregulation of miRNA pathways is a hallmark of cancer, impacting gene stability and cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a critical overview of microRNA dysregulation in cancer.
  • To review the methods for studying miRNA roles in cancer.
  • To examine alterations in miRNA genomic organization, biogenesis, and target recognition during tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current methodologies for investigating miRNA functions in cancer.

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Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
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Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

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Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization
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Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

Published on: June 7, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
09:06

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
08:40

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization
06:01

Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

Published on: June 7, 2016

  • Analysis of miRNA genomic organization and biogenesis pathways.
  • Examination of miRNA-mRNA interaction mechanisms, including seed region binding and 3' UTR targeting.

    • Main Results:

    • miRNAs are crucial regulators of gene expression, with altered expression patterns observed in various cancers.
    • Specific miRNA targeting mechanisms, particularly in the 3' UTR, significantly impact mRNA stability and gene regulation.
    • Complex miRNA regulatory networks are frequently disrupted in tumorigenesis, affecting multiple cellular processes.

    Conclusions:

    • microRNAs play a critical role in tumorigenesis through complex regulatory networks.
    • Altered miRNA expression and function are significant contributors to cancer development.
    • microRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment.