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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Reoperative treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
Mansoor Madani1, Farideh M Madani, Dmitry Peysakhov
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, NJ 08638, USA. drmadani@snorenet.com
Abstract:
Over the last several decades, various surgical treatments have been advocated and used to treat obstructive sleep apnea. Treatments ranging from aggressive procedures, such as tracheostomy, to the least-invasive procedures, such as radioablation, have not yielded satisfactory results. One of the major causes for surgical failures and lower success rates lies in the inadequate understanding and appreciation of the anatomic and pathophysiologic factors that contribute to upper airway obstruction. In some cases, combinations of various surgical techniques may help improve the conditions. This article reviews several major types of surgical procedures, their complications, and the recommended approaches for retreatments.
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