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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
07:48

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

[Bladder cancer].

Y Pointreau1, S Klotz, F Denis

  • 1Service de radiothérapie, centre régional universitaire de cancérologie Henry-S.-Kaplan CHU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2, Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.

Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Radiotherapie Oncologique
|December 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemoradiotherapy offers a viable alternative to cystectomy for select bladder cancer patients, improving treatment control and potentially reducing surgical impact. This review details radiation therapy techniques and associated toxicities.

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An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer
09:07

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Published on: February 6, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
07:48

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer
09:07

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Published on: February 6, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Uro-oncology
  • Radiation Oncology

Context:

  • Bladder cancer is a common urologic malignancy.
  • Radical treatment often involves cystectomy, which can lead to significant morbidity.
  • Delayed metastasis can occur despite radical surgery.

Purpose:

  • To review the technical aspects of chemoradiotherapy for bladder cancer.
  • To summarize the acute and late toxicities associated with this treatment modality.

Summary:

  • Chemoradiotherapy, using cisplatin concurrently with radiation (60-65 Gy), is an alternative to cystectomy for selected patients.
  • Treatment planning involves defining gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV), and planning target volume (PTV) with margins.
  • Mid-treatment cystoscopy and imaging techniques like echography and cone beam imaging aid in assessing response and improving control.

Impact:

  • Highlights chemoradiotherapy as a potentially less morbid alternative to cystectomy.
  • Provides insights into radiation therapy planning and delivery for bladder cancer.
  • Summarizes key toxicities, aiding in patient management and counseling.