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Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Case Studies01:22

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
09:51

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

Published on: March 21, 2018

Selective reduction in twins and multiple pregnancies.

Aris Antsaklis1, Eleftherios Anastasakis

  • 1First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Av., Greece. arisants@otenet.gr

Journal of Perinatal Medicine
|December 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) improves outcomes in high-risk pregnancies resulting from assisted conception. This procedure reduces risks like fetal loss, prematurity, and infant mortality.

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Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye
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Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye

Published on: September 5, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
09:51

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

Published on: March 21, 2018

Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye
09:52

Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye

Published on: September 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Multiple pregnancies have increased due to assisted conception technologies.
  • High-order multiple pregnancies pose significant risks to maternal and fetal well-being.
  • Multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) is an intervention to mitigate these risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the outcomes of multifetal pregnancy reduction.
  • To assess the impact of MFPR on pregnancy complications and infant health.
  • To determine the relationship between the number of fetuses and miscarriage risk.

Main Methods:

  • Transabdominal injection of potassium chloride into the fetal heart during the first trimester.
  • Literature review of studies reporting on MFPR procedures and outcomes.
  • Analysis of pregnancy outcomes, including fetal loss, prematurity, and infant mortality/morbidity.

Main Results:

  • MFPR is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes, irrespective of the initial number of fetuses.
  • Reducing the number of fetuses lowers the incidence of fetal loss, prematurity, and infant mortality.
  • Miscarriage risk appears correlated with the final number of fetuses post-reduction.

Conclusions:

  • MFPR is an effective procedure for managing high-risk multiple pregnancies.
  • The benefits of MFPR extend to reducing adverse neonatal outcomes.
  • Careful patient selection and procedural timing are crucial for successful MFPR outcomes.