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Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
08:32

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

The interferon inducible gene: Viperin.

Katherine A Fitzgerald1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA. kate.fitzgerald@umassmed.edu

Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Viperin, an interferon-stimulated gene, inhibits viral replication by disrupting lipid rafts and binding to lipid droplets. This protein also plays a role in innate immunity against bacteria.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
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Published on: March 2, 2014

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10:55

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Published on: October 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Type I interferons (IFNs), including IFN-α and -β, are crucial for antiviral immunity.
  • IFNs exert antiviral effects by inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs).
  • Viperin is an ISG induced by various IFNs and viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the antiviral mechanisms of Viperin.
  • To investigate Viperin's role in innate antimicrobial defenses beyond viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Viperin's interaction with cellular lipid structures.
  • Assessment of Viperin's effect on viral replication and release.
  • Evaluation of Viperin induction by nonviral microbial products.

Main Results:

  • Viperin disrupts lipid rafts, inhibiting influenza virus budding and release.
  • Viperin interferes with hepatitis C virus replication by binding to lipid droplets.
  • Viperin is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and various bacteria.

Conclusions:

  • Viperin possesses potent antiviral activities through distinct mechanisms.
  • Viperin contributes to innate immunity against a broader range of microbial threats.
  • Viperin represents a potential therapeutic target for viral and bacterial infections.