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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
11:19

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

Published on: July 4, 2016

Spin diffusion in multiple pulse spin-locking in solids containing paramagnetic impurities.

G B Furman1, S D Goren, A M Panich

  • 1Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er-Sheva, Israel. gregoryf@bgu.ac.il

Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates spin diffusion and relaxation in solids with paramagnetic impurities using multiple-pulse sequences. We determined key parameters like spin diffusion coefficient and correlation time for molecular motion.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state physics
  • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Background:

  • Paramagnetic impurities influence spin dynamics in solids.
  • Multiple-pulse spin-locking radio-frequency sequences probe spin behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically and experimentally study spin diffusion and spin-lattice relaxation.
  • To determine the time-dependent magnetization using a derived diffusion equation.
  • To calculate spin-lattice relaxation time based on correlation time and pulse parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of spin diffusion and relaxation.
  • Experimental application of multiple-pulse spin-locking sequences.
  • Determination of diffusion equation for time-dependent magnetization.

Main Results:

  • A diffusion equation was derived, aiding in magnetization determination.
  • Spin-lattice relaxation time was calculated as a function of correlation time and pulse parameters.
  • Experimental data yielded spin diffusion coefficient (D), spin diffusion barrier radius (r(c)), and correlation time (τ(c)) for (C(2)F)(n).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into spin dynamics in solids with paramagnetic impurities.
  • Estimated parameters (D∼7.1×10(-12)cm(2)/s, r(c)∼4.8×10(-10)m, τ(c)∼10.2μs) characterize molecular motion in polycrystalline (C(2)F)(n).