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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...

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A Quantitative Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Senescence-associated Secretory Phenotype in Normal Human Fibroblasts During Oncogene-induced Senescence
13:59

A Quantitative Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Senescence-associated Secretory Phenotype in Normal Human Fibroblasts During Oncogene-induced Senescence

Published on: August 12, 2018

Trace elements and ageing, a genomic perspective using selenium as an example.

Catherine Méplan1

  • 1Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Human Nutrition Research Centre, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE24HH, UK. catherine.meplan@ncl.ac.uk

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trace elements like selenium are vital for healthy aging and cell protection. Sub-optimal intake, especially in older adults, may worsen age-related diseases, highlighting the need for further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology and Omics Technologies

Background:

  • Trace elements regulate metabolic and physiological pathways crucial for biological aging.
  • Optimal trace element intake is essential for maintaining homeostasis and cellular protection.
  • Life-long sub-optimal trace element intake's role in age-related chronic diseases is underappreciated, particularly in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of trace elements in the aging process, using selenium as a case study.
  • To explore how Omics technologies can elucidate the impact of trace elements on aging.
  • To highlight the challenges elderly individuals face in maintaining adequate trace element intake.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on trace elements, aging, and Omics technologies.
  • Examination of transcriptomics and proteomics data from animal models.
  • Discussion of nutrigenomics and human longevity studies.

Main Results:

  • Trace elements modulate biological aging and influence pathways related to age-related diseases.
  • Transcriptomics and proteomics studies have identified downstream targets of trace elements in aging pathways.
  • Sub-optimal trace element intake is a concern, especially for the elderly population.

Conclusions:

  • Trace elements significantly influence aging, with selenium serving as a key example.
  • Omics technologies provide valuable insights into trace element mechanisms in aging.
  • Future research combining nutrigenomics and human longevity studies is crucial for understanding trace element effects on aging.