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Pathogenic and immunogenic responses in turkeys following in ovo exposure to avian metapneumovirus subtype C

Ra Mi Cha1, Mahesh Khatri, Manohar Mutnal

  • 1Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
|December 15, 2010
PubMed

Insights

In ovo inoculation of avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV/C) into turkey eggs did not affect hatchability but induced immune responses and protection against later challenge. This study highlights the potential of in ovo immunization for controlling aMPV/C in turkeys.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Poultry Science

Background:

  • Avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV/C) poses a significant threat to poultry health.
  • Effective control strategies for aMPV/C infections in commercial turkeys are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of in ovo inoculation of aMPV/C on turkey embryos and subsequent immune responses.
  • To evaluate the protective efficacy of in ovo immunization against aMPV/C challenge.

Main Methods:

  • Commercial turkey eggs were inoculated with aMPV/C at embryonation day 24.
  • Virus replication was quantified using RT-PCR.
  • Histological lesions and immune cell responses (mitogenic response, cytokine gene expression) were assessed.
  • Humoral immunity (IgG) and protection against challenge were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • In ovo inoculation did not impact egg hatchability.
  • aMPV/C replicated in respiratory tissues (turbinate, trachea, lung) post-hatch.
  • Mild lymphoid infiltration was observed in the turbinate mucosa.
  • aMPV/C exposure modulated splenocyte and thymocyte responses and upregulated IFN-γ and IL-10 in turbinate tissue.
  • aMPV/C-specific IgG was detected in serum and lachrymal fluid.
  • In ovo immunized turkeys showed protection against a pathogenic aMPV/C challenge at 3 weeks of age.

Conclusions:

  • In ovo inoculation of aMPV/C is safe regarding hatchability and induces a protective immune response in turkeys.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for early-stage protection against aMPV/C in commercial poultry.
  • Further research into optimizing in ovo immunization protocols is warranted.

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