Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

Cerebral palsy for the pediatric eye care team part 1: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and systemic findings

Kyle Arnoldi, Jorie Hart Jackson

    The American Orthoptic Journal
    |December 15, 2010
    PubMed

    Insights

    Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder affecting movement and posture due to immature brain damage. This review covers CP

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Cerebral palsy (CP) involves neurological deficits from immature brain damage, impacting motor function.
    • CP commonly leads to ophthalmologic issues like strabismus and eye movement disorders.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and classification of CP.
    • To discuss current management of CP's postural and motor effects.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 131 consecutive cerebral palsy cases.
    • Cases were referred from the Cerebral Palsy Center to the Ophthalmology Department.

    Main Results:

    • The study provides a foundational understanding of CP for managing associated eye conditions.
    • This article is the first in a series focusing on CP and ophthalmologic disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding CP is crucial for diagnosing and managing related ophthalmologic conditions.
    • Future articles will detail ocular motor deficits and visual acuity in CP patients.

    More Related Videos

    A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy10:02

    A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy

    Published on: November 3, 2016

    Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations05:04

    Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

    Published on: February 2, 2024

    Related Concept Videos

    Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

    Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

    Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
    Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

    Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

    Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
    Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

    Encephalitis l: Introduction

    Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
    Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

    Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

    Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
    Glaucoma: Overview01:25

    Glaucoma: Overview

    Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
    Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

    Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

    Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...