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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes
08:30

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Published on: March 15, 2018

Open questions about metabolically normal obesity.

Z Pataky1, E Bobbioni-Harsch, A Golay

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

International Journal of Obesity (2005)
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

While some obese individuals appear healthy, defining "metabolic normality" is crucial. Further research is needed to understand obesity

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography
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Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes
08:30

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Published on: March 15, 2018

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography
13:09

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Published on: April 4, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obesity is often associated with cardiometabolic risk factors.
  • However, subsets of obese individuals without these risk factors are frequently identified.
  • This challenges the direct link between obesity and increased disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the question of whether obesity itself increases cardiovascular or metabolic disease risk.
  • To determine if metabolically healthy obese individuals benefit from medical treatment.
  • To establish a consensus definition for metabolic normality in obesity research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on obesity and cardiometabolic health.
  • Proposal for expert consensus on defining metabolic normality.
  • Recommendation for population-based and longitudinal studies.
  • Inclusion of parameters like age, sex, race, fat distribution, and physical activity in future research.

Main Results:

  • Current literature suggests a need for standardized definitions of metabolic normality.
  • Different parameters for metabolic syndrome and insulin sensitivity are used inconsistently.
  • Data indicates a need for surveillance and weight management in healthy obese individuals.

Conclusions:

  • A clear definition of metabolic normality is essential for accurate research.
  • Population-based and longitudinal studies are required to assess the incidence and evolution of cardiometabolic health in obese subjects.
  • Regular cardiometabolic surveillance and prevention of further weight gain are recommended for healthy obese individuals, while treatment benefits remain debated.