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Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
10:34

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

Stabilizing the code-methods to preserve RNA prove their worth.

Marc A Williams1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.

Biomarker Insights
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Commercially available RNA preservation systems are crucial for maintaining nucleic acid integrity in research. A comparative analysis reveals significant differences, with only one system demonstrating superior performance for reliable gene expression analysis.

Keywords:
RNAgene expressionmicroRNAnucleic acidproteomics

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RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method
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RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method
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RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

Published on: April 30, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Biobanking

Background:

  • Maintaining the integrity of nucleic acids like messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA is vital for accurate gene expression analysis.
  • Degraded RNA samples can lead to misinterpretation of results, especially in multicenter clinical research and biobanking.
  • Lack of standardized RNA preservation protocols across research sites confounds data analysis and interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically analyze and compare the efficacy of two common RNA preservation systems: PAXgene and RNAlater.
  • To evaluate their ability to maintain the structural integrity of RNA species for downstream applications.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for RNA sample preservation in research settings.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of PAXgene and RNAlater RNA preservation systems.
  • Assessment of RNA quality and integrity after sample preservation using these platforms.
  • Evaluation of the impact of preservation methods on gene expression analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences were observed in the performance of the two RNA preservation systems.
  • One system demonstrated superior capability in preserving RNA integrity compared to the other.
  • The findings highlight the critical impact of the chosen preservation platform on downstream data reliability.

Conclusions:

  • Not all commercially available RNA preservation platforms perform equally.
  • The study provides compelling evidence supporting the superiority of one system for reliable RNA preservation.
  • Standardized and effective RNA preservation is essential for accurate and reproducible results in molecular research and clinical studies.