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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Gestational diabetes: risks, management, and treatment options.

Catherine Kim1

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. cathkim@umich.edu

International Journal of Women'S Health
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 1 in 5 pregnancies, increasing risks for mothers and infants. Effective management involves monitoring glucose, fetal well-being, and lifestyle interventions to reduce complications.

Keywords:
glucose intoleranceperinatal complicationspregnancy

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance identified during pregnancy.
  • Evolving diagnostic criteria impact GDM prevalence, potentially affecting up to 20% of pregnancies.
  • GDM is linked to significant perinatal and postpartum complications for both mother and child.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of GDM diagnosis, complications, and management.
  • To highlight the importance of integrated management strategies for GDM.
  • To identify areas lacking consensus in GDM treatment protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria and their impact on prevalence.
  • Analysis of perinatal and postpartum complications associated with GDM.
  • Examination of management strategies including monitoring, lifestyle interventions, and pharmacotherapy.

Main Results:

  • GDM is associated with increased risks of hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, stillbirths, neonatal hypoglycemia, and cesarean delivery.
  • Offspring face risks of obesity and impaired glucose tolerance, while mothers are at higher risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease postpartum.
  • Management strategies focusing on glucose monitoring, fetal assessment, maternal weight management, nutrition, physical activity, and pharmacotherapy can mitigate GDM comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management of GDM requires a multi-faceted approach addressing fetal growth and maternal health.
  • Further research and consensus are needed on ideal glucose targets, dietary interventions, and pharmacotherapy, including oral agents and insulin analogs.
  • Postpartum screening and lifestyle modifications are crucial for reducing long-term glucose intolerance in mothers and offspring.