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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue
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A grating-based single-shot x-ray phase contrast and diffraction method for in vivo imaging.

Eric E Bennett1, Rael Kopace, Ashley F Stein

  • 1National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Imaging Physics Section, Translational Medicine Branch, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1061, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. bennette@nhlbi.nih.gov

Medical Physics
|December 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a single-shot grating-based x-ray imaging technique for in vivo animal studies. The method successfully generates artifact-free absorption, differential phase contrast, and diffraction images in live rodents.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • X-ray Imaging Technology
  • Biomedical Optics

Background:

  • Grating-based x-ray phase contrast imaging offers enhanced soft-tissue contrast.
  • Developing a single-shot method is crucial for reducing motion artifacts in in vivo imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a single-shot grating-based phase contrast x-ray imaging method.
  • To optimize the technique for in vivo animal imaging, minimizing artifacts.

Main Methods:

  • A single lead grid was used as a transmission grating in a planar radiography setup.
  • A spatial harmonic method in the Fourier domain was developed for precise quantification of phase shifts.
  • Ex vivo and in vivo rodent extremity images were acquired to validate the method.

Main Results:

  • The developed method produced artifact-free absorption, differential phase contrast, and diffraction images from a single exposure.
  • Differential phase contrast was prominent at bone-soft tissue interfaces.
  • Diffraction contrast was most significant in bone structures.

Conclusions:

  • The single-shot grating-based x-ray imaging method is feasible for live animal imaging.
  • The spatial harmonic method enables simultaneous acquisition of absorption, differential phase contrast, and diffraction data.
  • Custom microfabricated gratings are expected to improve sensitivity over standard lead grids.