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High sensitivity DNA detection using gold nanoparticle functionalised polyaniline nanofibres.

Elaine Spain¹, Robert Kojima, Richard B Kaner

¹Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics

|December 17, 2010

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This study presents a novel nanocomposite sensor for detecting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) mastitis. The sensor utilizes gold nanoparticles on polyaniline nanofibres for highly sensitive and specific pathogen DNA detection.

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology
Biosensing

Background:

Mastitis, a common infection in dairy animals, is often caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).
Accurate and rapid detection of S. aureus is crucial for effective treatment and control.
Existing diagnostic methods may lack sensitivity or require complex amplification steps.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a sensitive and specific electrochemical DNA sensor for S. aureus detection.
To utilize a polyaniline-nanofibre-gold nanoparticle (PANI-NF-AuNP) nanocomposite for enhanced DNA immobilization.
To achieve pathogen detection without the need for molecular amplification techniques.

Main Methods:

Modification of polyaniline nanofibres (PANI-NF) with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to form PANI-NF-AuNP nanocomposite.

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Immobilization of single-stranded capture DNA onto the PANI-NF-AuNP modified gold electrodes.

Hybridization of target S. aureus DNA with capture DNA.

Detection using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled DNA strand and monitoring hydroquinone reduction via cyclic voltammetry.

Main Results:

Gold nanoparticle deposition increased the DNA immobilization area by approximately fourfold.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) indicated reduced interactions between adjacent PANI chains upon AuNP addition.
The sensor demonstrated a wide dynamic range (150×10⁻¹² to 1×10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹).
Picomolar (pM) concentrations of pathogen DNA were detected without amplification.

Conclusions:

The PANI-NF-AuNP nanocomposite provides an effective platform for electrochemical DNA biosensing.
The developed sensor offers high sensitivity, specificity, and discrimination against DNA mismatches.
This approach enables rapid and label-free detection of S. aureus DNA at low concentrations.