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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
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Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
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Isotopes and Radioisotopes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

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Published on: March 11, 2021

Can a system approach help radiobiology?

K Baverstock1, H Nikjoo

  • 1Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. keith.baverstock@uef.fi

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|December 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a systems approach to radiobiology, focusing on cellular phenotypic changes induced by radiation, rather than molecular pathways. It highlights radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Radiobiology
  • Systems Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Traditional radiobiology focuses on molecular mechanisms of radiation damage.
  • A systems approach considers the cell as a dynamic system.
  • Radiation can induce phenotypic changes (epigenetic modifications) independent of genetic alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore a systems approach to radiobiology.
  • To contrast this with the traditional molecular approach.
  • To examine radiation's role in inducing epigenetic changes.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual exploration of a systems-level framework for radiobiology.
  • Analysis of radiation as a stressor on cellular processes.
  • Discussion of phenotypic plasticity and epigenetic modifications.

Main Results:

  • Radiation induces phenotypic transitions through system-level processes.
  • These phenotypic changes are epigenetic, not solely genotypic.
  • Traditional physics-based models may hinder intuitive understanding in this context.

Conclusions:

  • A systems approach offers a new perspective on radiobiology.
  • Focusing on phenotypic changes reveals radiation's epigenetic impact.
  • Rethinking the underlying physics is crucial for effective modeling.