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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

Nitric oxide physiology and pathology.

David G Hirst1, Tracy Robson

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK. d.hirst@qub.ac.uk

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous signaling molecule, is vital for bodily functions like blood pressure regulation and nerve signaling. Understanding NO is crucial for future health and longevity, impacting diseases and aging.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Physiology
  • Signaling Molecules

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule with essential biological functions.
  • It plays critical roles in higher vertebrates, including hemostasis and smooth muscle function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the fundamental roles of nitric oxide (NO) in various physiological processes.
  • To emphasize the significance of NO in regulating daily functions and its implications for aging and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nitric oxide (NO) signaling.
  • Analysis of NO's involvement in physiological and pathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • NO is integral to vascular smooth muscle, neuronal activity, and gastrointestinal function.

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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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  • It influences waking, digestion, sexual function, pain perception, memory, and sleep.

    • Conclusions:

    • NO signaling is fundamental to human health, affecting aging and age-related diseases like cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer.
    • Controlling NO signaling and its therapeutic application are key to improving human lifespan and quality of life.