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Hypoxia

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Published on: May 4, 2015

[Brain mechanisms of hypoxic preconditioning].

Guo-Wei Lü, Xiu-Yu Chui, Lan-Feng Zhao

Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi = Zhongguo Yingyong Shenglixue Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology

|December 18, 2010

Summary

Hypoxic preconditioning significantly enhances tissue tolerance to low oxygen conditions. This review details animal models, physiological changes, and the protective effects of brain extracts from adapted animals.

Area of Science:

Physiology
Neuroscience
Cell Biology

Background:

The concept of tissue adaptation to hypoxia, termed hypoxic preconditioning, emerged in the 1960s.
Animal models for studying hypoxic preconditioning have been developed and refined since the 1960s.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development and methods of animal models for hypoxic preconditioning.
To summarize the key findings regarding physiological and neurobiological changes associated with hypoxic preconditioning.
To discuss the evolutionary and practical significance of tissue adaptation to hypoxia.

Main Methods:

Review of established methodologies for reproducing hypoxic preconditioning models in rats, rabbits, and mice.
Analysis of documented physiological and behavioral changes in preconditioned animals.

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Examination of in vivo and in vitro studies on brain extracts and neurochemical alterations.

Main Results:

Preconditioned animals exhibit significantly increased tolerance to hypoxia.
Hypoxic preconditioning induces observable changes in animal behavior, neurophysiology, and cardiorespiratory function.
Evidence suggests protective effects from brain homogenates of preconditioned animals, alongside neurochemical and molecular alterations.

Conclusions:

Hypoxic preconditioning is a validated biological phenomenon with demonstrable protective effects against hypoxia.
Understanding tissue adaptation to hypoxia has implications for evolutionary biology and practical medical applications.
Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxic preconditioning is warranted.