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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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What is the Immune System?

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Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages
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Inflammasomes and autoimmunity.

Patrick J Shaw1, Michael F McDermott, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, MS #351, Suite E7004, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|December 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

NOD-like receptors (NLRs) sense danger signals, controlling inflammasomes and IL-1β/IL-18. While crucial in autoinflammation, their role in autoimmune diseases requires further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular sensors detecting microbial and danger signals.
  • A subset of NLRs orchestrates inflammasome assembly, leading to caspase-1 activation and subsequent IL-1β and IL-18 cytokine production.
  • Dysregulated inflammasome activation is implicated in autoinflammatory disorders like hereditary periodic fevers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of inflammasomes in autoimmune diseases.
  • To emphasize the need for enhanced understanding of inflammasome involvement in autoimmunity.
  • To propose future research avenues for inflammasome studies in autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on inflammasomes and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of the known functions of IL-1β and IL-18 in modulating adaptive immunity.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and formulation of research recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Inflammasomes play a recognized role in autoinflammation but their function in autoimmune diseases is less understood.
  • IL-1β and IL-18 have significant, yet incompletely characterized, effects on adaptive immunity.
  • The spectrum of immune-mediated inflammation bridges autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to elucidate the precise role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding inflammasome pathways could reveal novel therapeutic targets for autoimmune disorders.
  • Bridging the knowledge gap between inflammasomes in autoinflammation and autoimmunity is critical for advancing immune-mediated disease research.