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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

[Hepatitis E virus: A new entity].

Janick Selves1, Nassim Kamar, Jean-Michel Mansuy

  • 1CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France. selves.j@chu-toulouse.fr

Annales De Pathologie
|December 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute hepatitis E, emerging in developed countries like France primarily through genotype 3. While acute cases resolve in most, immunocompromised individuals risk chronic HEV infection and cirrhosis.

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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
04:11

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted RNA virus causing significant waterborne epidemics in Asia and Africa.
  • Sporadic hepatitis E represents an emerging health concern in developed nations, including France.
  • The predominant cause of indigenous acute hepatitis E in France is HEV genotype 3.

Purpose:

  • To describe the characteristics of acute and chronic Hepatitis E virus infections in France.
  • To outline diagnostic methods for HEV infection.
  • To detail the pathological findings and clinical outcomes associated with HEV infection in different patient populations.

Summary:

  • Diagnosis of HEV infection relies on detecting specific serum antibodies and viral RNA in serum or stool.
  • Acute hepatitis E presents with severe intralobular necrosis, polymorph inflammation, and neutrophilic acute cholangitis.
  • While immunocompetent individuals experience acute, resolving hepatitis, immunocompromised patients are prone to chronic HEV infection with a risk of rapid cirrhosis development.

Impact:

  • Understanding HEV's epidemiology and pathology in developed countries is crucial for public health.
  • Distinguishing between acute and chronic HEV is vital for patient management, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Histological similarities between chronic HEV and Hepatitis C virus infections warrant further investigation into treatment strategies.