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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

Foxo transcription factors control regulatory T cell development and function.

Yann M Kerdiles1, Erica L Stone, Daniel R Beisner

  • 1Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0377, USA.

Immunity
|December 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Foxo transcription factors are crucial for regulatory T (Treg) cell development and function. Their absence impairs Treg cells, leading to autoimmune diseases and immune system dysfunction.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Foxo transcription factors regulate critical cellular processes including division, differentiation, and survival.
  • They play a role in the specific functions of lymphoid and myeloid cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Foxo1 in the development and function of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Foxo1 influences Treg cell specification and effector functions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T cell-specific Foxo1-deficient mouse models.
  • Assessment of Treg cell development, CTLA-4 expression, and cytokine production (IFN-γ).
  • Investigation of the interplay between Foxo1, TGF-β, T-bet, and IFN-γ.

Main Results:

  • Absence of Foxo1 severely impaired Treg cell development and in vivo function.
  • Foxo1 directly targets the Ctla4 gene, and its loss diminished CTLA-4 receptor expression.
  • T cell-specific Foxo1 loss led to autoimmune manifestations including pancreatitis, paralysis, and lymphocyte infiltration.
  • Foxo1 is essential for TGF-β to suppress T-bet, preventing IFN-γ secretion in Treg cells.
  • Foxo3 deficiency exacerbated Foxo1 loss-of-function phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Foxo transcription factors, particularly Foxo1, are essential regulators of Treg cell differentiation and function.
  • Foxo1 controls Treg cell specification by modulating CTLA-4 expression and cytokine signaling pathways.
  • Foxo factors are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases.