Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Human O-GlcNAcase catalytic-stalk dimer anchors flexible histone binding domains.

Communications chemistry·2025

Same author

A dual fluorescent-Raman bioorthogonal probe for specific biosynthetic labeling of intracellular gangliosides.

Communications chemistry·2025

Same author

Linking O-GlcNAc and intron retention.

eLife·2025

Same author

Selective bioorthogonal probe for N-glycan hybrid structures.

Nature chemical biology·2024

Same author

Genetic and functional modulation by agonist MRS5698 and allosteric enhancer LUF6000 at the native A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptor in HL-60 cells.

Purinergic signalling·2024

Same author

Tools and tactics to define specificity of metabolic chemical reporters.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2023

Same journal

The Hedgehog Pathway Effector Smoothened Exhibits Signaling Competency in the Absence of Ciliary Accumulation.

Chemistry & biology·2017

Same journal

DIVERSE System: De Novo Creation of Peptide Tags for Non-enzymatic Covalent Labeling by In Vitro Evolution for Protein Imaging Inside Living Cells.

Chemistry & biology·2015

Same journal

Differential Regulation of Specific Sphingolipids in Colon Cancer Cells during Staurosporine-Induced Apoptosis.

Chemistry & biology·2015

Same journal

Synthetic Peptides as cGMP-Independent Activators of cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Iα.

Chemistry & biology·2015

Same journal

Unraveling the B. pseudomallei Heptokinase WcbL: From Structure to Drug Discovery.

Chemistry & biology·2015

Same journal

Vitamin C as Cancer Destroyer, Investigating Sulfhydration, and the Variability in CFTR Interactome.

Chemistry & biology·2015

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Epigenetics gets sweeter: O-GlcNAc joins the "histone code".

John A Hanover¹

¹Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0851, USA. jah@helix.nih.gov

Chemistry & Biology

|December 21, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

O-GlcNAcylation is a newly identified histone modification involved in the histone code. This process plays a role in chromatin remodeling and epigenetic memory maintenance.

More Related Videos

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Published on: November 30, 2018

Site Specific Lysine Acetylation of Histones for Nucleosome Reconstitution using Genetic Code Expansion in Escherichia coli

Site Specific Lysine Acetylation of Histones for Nucleosome Reconstitution using Genetic Code Expansion in Escherichia coli

Published on: December 26, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Published on: November 30, 2018

Site Specific Lysine Acetylation of Histones for Nucleosome Reconstitution using Genetic Code Expansion in Escherichia coli

Site Specific Lysine Acetylation of Histones for Nucleosome Reconstitution using Genetic Code Expansion in Escherichia coli

Published on: December 26, 2020

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Epigenetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Histone modifications are crucial epigenetic regulators of gene expression.
O-GlcNAcylation, a dynamic post-translational modification, is increasingly recognized for its roles beyond metabolism.
The integration of O-GlcNAcylation into the "histone code" framework signifies its importance in chromatin regulation.

Discussion:

O-GlcNAcylation sites on histones suggest a direct involvement in chromatin remodeling processes.
This modification contributes to the complex regulatory network governing higher-order chromatin structure.
Understanding O-GlcNAcylation's role in chromatin is key to deciphering epigenetic memory mechanisms.

Key Insights:

O-GlcNAcylation is a significant histone modification, expanding the known histone code.
Evidence points to O-GlcNAcylation's involvement in chromatin remodeling.
O-GlcNAc cycling is integral to maintaining epigenetic memory.

Outlook:

Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation in chromatin.
Investigating the interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and other histone modifications will reveal synergistic regulatory functions.
Targeting O-GlcNAcylation pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for epigenetic disorders.