Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is a Mode?01:07

What is a Mode?

The mode is one of the commonly used measures of a central tendency. It is defined as the most frequent value in a data set.
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...
Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving01:17

Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving

Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
Modes of Operations of BJT01:21

Modes of Operations of BJT

A Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is a versatile component in electronics, functioning in four distinct modes based on the biasing of its junctions: active, saturation, cut-off, and inverted modes.
Active Mode: The most common mode for amplification, the active mode features a forward-biased emitter-base junction and a reverse-biased base-collector junction. This setup enables electrons to be injected from the emitter to the base while blocking the majority carriers at the collector. The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Regression Models For Multivariate Count Data.

Journal of computational and graphical statistics : a joint publication of American Statistical Association, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Interface Foundation of North America·2017
Same author

Thermal Fluctuations of Ferroelectric Nanodomains in a Ferroelectric-Dielectric PbTiO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} Superlattice.

Physical review letters·2017
Same author

Purity assessment of ginsenoside Rg1 using quantitative <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance.

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis·2017
Same author

Colistin Resistance in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> MDR-ZJ06 Revealed by a Multiomics Approach.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2017
Same author

Relationship between clopidogrel-related polymorphisms and variable platelet reactivity at 1 year: A cohort study from Han Chinese.

Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences·2017
Same author

Interface Control of Ferroelectricity in an SrRuO<sub>3</sub> /BaTiO<sub>3</sub> /SrRuO<sub>3</sub> Capacitor and its Critical Thickness.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

On the Bumpy Road to the Dominant Mode.

Hua Zhou1, Kenneth L Lange

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles.

Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Theory and Applications
|December 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deterministic annealing methods help find the dominant mode in statistical estimation problems with multiple solutions. These techniques improve the likelihood of locating the global maximum in complex models.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation
11:41

Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation

Published on: February 1, 2020

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe
09:34

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation
11:41

Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation

Published on: February 1, 2020

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe
09:34

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Statistics
  • Optimization
  • Machine Learning

Background:

  • Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) often faces challenges due to multimodality, where multiple local maxima can obscure the global optimum.
  • Existing optimization algorithms like EM (Expectation-Maximization) and MM (M-step) can converge to suboptimal solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore deterministic annealing variations for reliably finding the dominant mode in statistical estimation.
  • To adapt annealing strategies for Bayesian inference, targeting the dominant mode of the log posterior.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced deterministic annealing algorithms with minor modifications to existing block relaxation, EM, and MM optimization frameworks.
  • Applied annealing strategies to diverse statistical models including multivariate t-distribution, Gaussian mixture models, and factor analysis.

Main Results:

  • Annealing algorithms demonstrated a tendency to avoid inferior modes and identify the primary (global) mode.
  • Numerical examples showed significant improvements in successfully locating the global maximum compared to standard methods.

Conclusions:

  • Deterministic annealing offers a robust approach to overcome multimodality issues in maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation.
  • The proposed modifications provide a practical enhancement to standard optimization techniques, increasing the reliability of finding global optima.