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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...

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Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres

Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres

Published on: July 22, 2020

Immunotherapy targeting colon cancer stem cells.

Flora Iovino¹, Serena Meraviglia, Marisa Spina

¹Department of Surgical & Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

|December 23, 2010

Summary

Targeting cancer stem cells is crucial for overcoming therapy resistance. This review explores the potential of gamma-delta T cells and NK cells in immunotherapy for eradicating these resistant cancer cells.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Cancer Stem Cell Biology

Background:

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor progression and therapy resistance.
Conventional therapies often fail to eradicate CSCs, necessitating novel treatment strategies.
Chemoimmunotherapy shows survival benefits by sensitizing tumors to immune-mediated killing.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of CSCs in cancer progression and resistance.
To explore the potential of alternative T-cell subsets for CSC targeting.
To discuss the application of gamma-delta T cells and NK cells in CSC immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on CSCs, immunotherapy, and T-cell subsets.
Analysis of mechanisms of CSC resistance to conventional therapy.
Evaluation of T-cell subsets (gamma-delta T cells, NK cells) in tumor recognition and killing.

Main Results:

CSCs are a key target for durable cancer eradication.
Tumor cells can become resistant to CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity through MHC loss.
Gamma-delta T cells and NK cells offer alternative pathways for tumor cell recognition and killing.

Conclusions:

Targeting CSCs is essential for overcoming treatment resistance.
Gamma-delta T cells and NK cells show promise for CSC immunotherapy.
These T-cell subsets could be utilized in passive or active immunotherapy strategies for cancer eradication.