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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Atypical diffusion tensor hemispheric asymmetry in autism.

Nicholas Lange1, Molly B Dubray, Jee Eun Lee

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. nlange@hms.harvard.edu

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
|December 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

White matter microstructure in the superior temporal gyrus and temporal stem shows distinct patterns in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These findings offer potential for developing new imaging biomarkers for autism diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

  • High-performance biological measurements are crucial for identifying potential imaging biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Investigating white matter microstructure (WMM) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and temporal stem (TS) may reveal key differences in brain regions vital for social cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify classification features within the STG and TS white matter microstructure that can distinguish individuals with autism from controls.
  • To deepen the understanding of neuropathology associated with autism spectrum disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to examine WMM in the STG and TS of individuals with autism and matched controls.
  • Analysis included a primary cohort and a replication sample, alongside assessments of language, adaptive functioning, and medication use.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in WMM, including reversed hemispheric asymmetry in tensor skewness and fractional anisotropy in the STG, were observed in individuals with autism.
  • Increased diffusion parallel to white matter fibers in the STG and altered diffusion in the right TS were also noted.
  • A combination of six WMM measurements achieved high accuracy (92%) in discriminating individuals with autism, with 94% sensitivity and 90% specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Specific WMM alterations in the STG and TS can effectively differentiate individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
  • These findings support the potential of WMM measurements as imaging biomarkers for autism.
  • The study identified correlations between WMM classifier components and measures of language, IQ, and adaptive functioning in autism.