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Related Concept Videos

Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Sources of Food Contamination01:29

Sources of Food Contamination

Contamination of food by microbial agents and natural toxins poses significant risks to public health. These hazards can be introduced at various points across the food supply chain, ranging from environmental sources to processing and storage stages. Understanding these contamination pathways is critical for developing strategies to ensure food safety.Seafood is particularly vulnerable to contamination through both environmental exposure and microbial colonization. Toxins from harmful algal...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Raw Meat
05:34

Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Raw Meat

Published on: February 23, 2024

Campylobacter epidemiology: an aquatic perspective.

C Thomas1, H Gibson, D J Hill

  • 1School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK. chris.thomas@ul.ie

Journal of Applied Microbiology
|December 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Campylobacter bacteria are common causes of gastrointestinal illness. This review explores their survival and spread in natural water systems, highlighting potential risks from untreated water.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Raw Meat
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Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens
08:23

Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens

Published on: March 10, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Campylobacter species are leading causes of human gastrointestinal infections globally.
  • Ubiquitous presence in animal reservoirs and food products presents significant transmission risks.
  • Campylobacter's survival in natural waters indicates a potential, unquantified risk from untreated water sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey current knowledge on Campylobacter survival and epidemiology in natural water systems.
  • To assess the potential public health risks associated with Campylobacter in untreated water.
  • To discuss the role of viable but nonculturable Campylobacter forms in disease transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on Campylobacter in aquatic environments.
  • Analysis of data on contamination rates, serotypes, and survival in surface waters.
  • Examination of research on viable but nonculturable Campylobacter and their epidemiological significance.

Main Results:

  • Campylobacter demonstrates extended survival in natural water systems.
  • Specific pathogenic serotypes are frequently identified in contaminated water.
  • The role of viable but nonculturable Campylobacter in waterborne outbreaks requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Natural water systems are significant reservoirs for Campylobacter, posing a potential risk for campylobacteriosis.
  • Further research is needed to quantify the risk and clarify the role of nonculturable forms in waterborne disease.
  • Understanding Campylobacter epidemiology in water is crucial for public health risk assessment.