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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay
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Tetraspanins and tumor progression.

Mekel M Richardson1, Lisa K Jennings, Xin A Zhang

  • 1Vascular Biology Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, H300 Coleman Building, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.

Clinical & Experimental Metastasis
|December 25, 2010
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Tetraspanins, proteins on cell surfaces, can either fuel or halt cancer spread. Their impact on tumor progression is linked to tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) influencing cell behavior and interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cell biology
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Tetraspanins are transmembrane proteins involved in cell adhesion, signaling, and membrane organization.
  • Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) are specialized membrane platforms that modulate protein function.
  • The role of tetraspanins in tumor invasion and metastasis is context-dependent, acting as either promoters or suppressors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the dual role of tetraspanins in tumor invasion and metastasis.
  • To investigate the contribution of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) to tumor cell behavior.
  • To explore tetraspanins as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of tetraspanin expression and localization in tumor cells.
  • Investigation of tetraspanin-mediated effects on cell motility and proliferation.
  • Assessment of tetraspanin influence on tumor cell interactions with the microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Tetraspanins exhibit context-specific functions, either promoting or suppressing tumor invasion and metastasis.
  • TEMs are critical for modulating tumor cell motogenic and mitogenic behaviors.
  • Tetraspanins alter tumor cell interactions with surrounding stromal and immune cells.

Conclusions:

  • Tetraspanins are key regulators of tumor cell plasticity and dissemination.
  • Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) represent crucial functional units in cancer progression.
  • Tetraspanins hold significant potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for managing cancer metastasis.